Design of an Automatic Sun Tracking System for Solar Charging Based on STM32

This design addresses the challenge of efficient solar energy utilization by proposing a solar charging automatic tracking system solution based on an STM32 microcontroller. The system uses the STM32F103C8T6 as its core control unit, integrating a photoresponsive sensor array, a dual-axis servo motor drive module, a Bluetooth wireless communication module, and an OLED visualization display unit to form a multifunctional solar charging control system with features such as automatic intelligent tracking, manual flexible control, Bluetooth remote control, real-time alarm for abnormalities, and real-time display of all system statuses. At the algorithm level, an adaptive PID control algorithm is employed, and an innovative hybrid tracking strategy is introduced to achieve dynamic and precise capture of the sun’s position. Through extensive experimental verification, the system maintains high-precision sun tracking performance even in complex and variable lighting conditions, effectively enhancing photovoltaic power generation efficiency.