Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). A first look at the fraction of bars in massive galaxies at z<1

Stellar bars are key structures in disc galaxies, driving angular momentum redistribution and influencing processes such as bulge growth and star formation. Quantifying the bar fraction as a function of redshift and stellar mass is therefore important for constraining the physical processes that drive disc formation and evolution across the history of the Universe. Leveraging the unprecedented resolution and survey area of the Euclid Q1 data release, combined with the Zoobot deep-learning model trained on citizen science labels, we identified (7711) barred galaxies with (M_* ≳ 10^ M_⊙) in a magnitude-selected sample ((I_E < 20.5)) spanning (63.1 deg ^2). We measured a mean bar fraction of (0.2-0.4), consistent with previous studies. At fixed redshift, massive galaxies exhibit higher bar fractions, while lower-mass systems show a steeper decline with redshift, suggesting earlier disc assembly in massive galaxies. Comparisons with cosmological simulations (e.g. TNG50 Auriga ) reveal a broadly consistent bar fraction, but highlight overpredictions for high-mass systems, pointing to potential over-efficiency in central stellar mass build-up in simulations. A semi-empirical model ( Decode ) in which bar formation is regulated by the gas fraction broadly reproduces the observed bar fractions. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of Euclid for galaxy morphology studies and underscore the importance of refining theoretical models to better reproduce observed trends. Future work will explore finer mass bins, environmental correlations, and additional morphological indicators.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-09-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554606
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.19
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article

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). A first look at the fraction of bars in massive galaxies at z<1

A. Ealet, F Passalacqua, M Poncet, S Casas et al.
1 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
1.19
article

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). A first look at the fraction of bars in massive galaxies at z<1

A. Ealet, F Passalacqua, M Poncet, S Casas, Will J. Percival, David O’Ryan, G. Seidel, E. A. Magnier, V. Lindholm, P. Tallada-Crespí, S Sacquegna, A Balestra, G. Riccio, Chris Carbone, E. M. Corsini, D. Le Mignant, M. Schirmer, I Tereno, Jürgen Popp, F. Marulli, I. Hook, D Sapone, H. L. Roberts, C. Baccigalupi, C. Padilla, J. Hjorth, M. Roncarelli, J. H. Knapen, Patricia Iglesias-Navarro, E. Gaztanaga, S Bardelli, D. B. Sanders, J. García-Bellido, S. Borgani, A.G Ferrari, S. Di Domizio, M. Sereno, A. Navarro-Alsina, P. Schneider, A. Blanchard, F. Shankar, A. Franco, M. Schultheis, Y. Copin, Pietro Battaglia, Alex D. Hall, A. Troja, F Courbin, Michael D. Brown, F. Grupp, A. Spindler, A. Biviano, F. Torradeflot, Elena Sellentin, A. Díaz‐Sánchez, E Maiorano, J.J Diaz, M Radovich, F Raison, G. Desprez, T. Contini, F Faustini, Daniele Bertacca, T. Kitching, A. Cimatti, Alberto Basset, G Castignani, K Jahnke, S.-M Niemi, L. Gabarra, M Miluzio, I. A. Zinchenko, Fabio Fontanot, Stephen Gwyn, C. J. A. P. Martins, B Altieri, J Le Graet, E. Zucca, S. V. H. Haugan, Kameswara Bharadwaj Mantha, T. Vassallo, S. Matthew, A Enia, S. Dusini, C. Valieri, M. Kümmel, M. Cropper, Valérie Gautard, R. Toledo-Moreo, B. Camacho Quevedo, S Bruton, M. Moresco, M. Baes, L. Fortson, H. Fu, Y Fang, W. C. Keel, H. J. McCracken, N. Martinet, E. Bozzo, J.W Nightingale, L. Patrizii, T.I Liaudat, D. Scott, H. Hildebrandt, M. Martinelli, M Ballardini, S. Ferriol, H. Domínguez Sánchez, A. M. Di Giorgio, S Quai, Christopher J. Conselice, Henk Hoekstra, V Capobianco, C. Colodro-Conde, L. Stanco, M Lembo, B Sartoris, L.A Popa, I Risso, L. Moscardini, K Paterson, V. Allevato, C Sirignano, W. Gillard, J. Carretero, L. Conversi, D. Karagiannis, S. Escoffier, J Brinchmann, K. George, L Blot, A. Grazian, B. Gillis, E. Medinaceli, W. Gillard, M Sahlén, F. Dubath, F. De Paolis, C. Kirkpatrick, R. Maoli, R. B. Metcalf, A. Hornstrup, A Calabrò, Sergey Kruk, M. Pöntinen, Maximilian Fabricius, C Porciani, N. Suzuki, F. M. Zerbi, M. Béthermin, F. Bernardeau, R. Saglia, V. Pettorino, E. Branchini, M. Farina, S. Camera, G. Zamorani, F. Mannucci, M. Magliocchetti, M Jhabvala, S. Galeotta, Claire E. Murray, A. Venhola, J. Méndez‐Abreu, C.A.J Duncan, V. Kansal, Stephen Serjeant, H Kurki-Suonio, F Lepori, F. Giacomini, B. Simmons, M Tenti, Angelos Nersesian, Chris Lintott, J. Weller, A Amara, L Bisigello, M. Walmsley, Jesús Vega-Ferrero, Y Wang, H. J. Dickinson, Rebecca Smethurst, P.‐A. Duc, J Martín-Fleitas, Izzy L. Garland, M. Brescia, Konrad H. Kuijken, T Castro, E. Merlin, P. Monaco, I Lloro, T. Géron, Q. Le Boulc'h, N. A. Walton, C. Giocoli, J. Gracia-Carpio, Antonio M. Mora, I.T Andika, Savvas Nesseris, R Teyssier, J. J. Mohr, K Tanidis, C. Neissner, LAURENCE C. SMITH, G.F Lesci, Asantha Cooray, K. C. Chambers, F. Finelli⋆, H. Degaudenzi, M. Melchior, R Farinelli, E. Keihänen, D. Potter, M Viel, P Vielzeuf, Yann Philippe Charles, J. Schaye, G. Gozaliasl, E. Romelli, A da Silva, V Scottez, P. Bergamini, R Massey, P. Šimon, W.G Hartley, D. Vergani, Shoubaneh Hemmati, J. Steinwagner, J. Rhodes, G. Meylan, Alice Pisani, S. Andreon, S. Davini, E. Soubrie, E Sarpa, M. Castellano, J. M. Diego, G Sirri, O. Mansutti, Claudia Scarlata, K. Masters, P. B. Lilje, M. Scodeggio, A. Fontana, S. Paltani, A Pezzotta, O Marggraf, A.M.C Le Brun, O. Cucciati, C. Burigana, C. S. Carvalho, M. Siudek, S Cavuoti, L. Pozzetti, S. Paltani, Y. Akrami, S. Kermiche, Lingyu Wang, F. Atrio‐Barandela, Claudio Moretti, H. M. Courtois, G. Polenta, R. C. Nichol, Eva Durán-Camacho, F. Cogato, D Sciotti, Jason Shingirai Makechemu, L. Maurin, C. M. Gutiérrez, J.E. Kajava, G de Lucia, G Maggio, M. D. Seiffert, I. Tutusaus, M Kunz, X. Dupac, G Leroy, Y. Mellier, A. Cappi, S. Pires, J. Valiviita, N Mauri, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, H. Dole, S Marcin, M. Archidiacono, K. Ganga, M. Baldi, D. Di Ferdinando, A. Renzi, J. Macias-Perez, N. Auricchio, K. Pedersen, G. Morgante, P. Hudelot, M. Wiesmann, Z. Sakr, A.N Taylor, K Naidoo, Christophe Benoıst, F. Hormuth, K Benson, J.A. Escartin Vigo, B. Kubik, W. Holmes, Y. Ascasíbar, M Bolzonella, S. Fotopoulou, G. Testera, G Verza, F Caro, L Valenziano, A. Loureiro, A. Zacchei, N. Aghanim, J Lesgourgues, S. Tosi, M.N Le, C. Dolding, M Guidi, S Ligori, A Finoguenov, G. Rodighiero, H. Böhringer, G. Congedo, L. Leuzzi, J Junais, Y Kang
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Stellar bars are key structures in disc galaxies, driving angular momentum redistribution and influencing processes such as bulge growth and star formation. Quantifying the bar fraction as a function of redshift and stellar mass is therefore important for constraining the physical processes that drive disc formation and evolution across the history of the Universe. Leveraging the unprecedented resolution and survey area of the Euclid Q1 data release, combined with the Zoobot deep-learning model trained on citizen science labels, we identified (7711) barred galaxies with (M_* ≳ 10^ M_⊙) in a magnitude-selected sample ((I_E &lt; 20.5)) spanning (63.1 deg ^2). We measured a mean bar fraction of (0.2-0.4), consistent with previous studies. At fixed redshift, massive galaxies exhibit higher bar fractions, while lower-mass systems show a steeper decline with redshift, suggesting earlier disc assembly in massive galaxies. Comparisons with cosmological simulations (e.g. TNG50 Auriga ) reveal a broadly consistent bar fraction, but highlight overpredictions for high-mass systems, pointing to potential over-efficiency in central stellar mass build-up in simulations. A semi-empirical model ( Decode ) in which bar formation is regulated by the gas fraction broadly reproduces the observed bar fractions. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of Euclid for galaxy morphology studies and underscore the importance of refining theoretical models to better reproduce observed trends. Future work will explore finer mass bins, environmental correlations, and additional morphological indicators.

Astronomy and Astrophysics
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Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
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