Vithuvagai chooranam and its role in siddha management of male infertility: a comprehensive review.

Infertility is a growing global health concern, with male factors contributing to approximately 20–40% of cases. In the Siddha system of medicine, male infertility is referred to as Aan Maladu and is traditionally managed through formulations aimed at enhancing reproductive vitality. One such classical polyherbal formulation is Vithuvagai Chooranam (VVC), widely used to improve semen quality, increase virility, and support male reproductive health. This review explores both classical Siddha references and modern pharmacological evidence related to the efficacy of VVC. It comprises ten ingredients, including Vigna mungo, Sesamum indicum, Mucuna pruriens, Hygrophila auriculata, Curculigo orchioides, and Asparagus racemosus. These herbs are rich in bioactive compounds known for their spermatogenic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Scientific studies support the role of these herbs in enhancing sperm count, motility, testosterone levels, and overall reproductive function. The formulation aligns with Siddha concepts of Udal thathukkal balance and Vali-Azhal-Iyyam regulation. Given its broad pharmacological profile and traditional utility, VVC represents a promising and safe natural alternative for managing male infertility. However, further experimental and clinical validation is essential to substantiate its therapeutic claims and integrate it into evidence-based reproductive healthcare.