Self-reported competencies in patient safety and influencing factors: a preliminary study among healthcare students

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the self-reported competencies of healthcare students in patient safety within academic and clinical settings and to identify factors influencing these competencies. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted between February and June 2024 among 282 healthcare students (nursing, midwifery, and paramedicine) from two faculties in the Slovak Republic. The Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS) was used to measure six key dimensions of patient safety competencies. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with correlations explored between competencies and sociodemographic or personality factors. Results: Students reported higher patient safety competencies in academic settings compared to clinical environments, with Managing Safety Risks receiving the highest ratings and Effective Communication the lowest. Significant differences were observed across disciplines, with nursing students generally reporting stronger competencies. Factors such as year of study, clinical placement type, previous healthcare experience, and personality factors influenced competency evaluations (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlight the need to enhance training in communication and teamwork, and to foster a safety culture, particularly in clinical settings. Expanding patient safety education to a broader range of healthcare disciplines and standardizing training across curricula are vital steps to ensuring comprehensive preparation for future healthcare providers.