Monitoring flood-prone urban areas of Sylhet, Bangladesh through water quality remote sensing

This study evaluates seasonal variations in water quality parameters (WQPs) of the Surma River, Bangladesh, and investigates their implications for aquatic ecosystems and fisheries sustainability in flood-prone areas. Utilizing Sentinel-2 remote sensing data and ground-truth sampling conducted during the monsoon, winter, and summer seasons of 2023–2024, the research identifies spatial and temporal trends in key WQPs, particularly total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and electrical conductivity (EC). Statistical and regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships between seasonal dynamics and water pollution indicators, with a focus on potential toxicological risks to aquaculture. The findings highlight the significant influence of seasonal flooding and anthropogenic discharges on water quality degradation, posing a threat to fish health and public safety. By integrating geospatial and field-based approaches, the study provides actionable insights for environmental monitoring, water resource management, and aquaculture resilience in the Sylhet region. These results underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies and regular water quality assessments to mitigate pollution impacts in vulnerable riverine systems.