DISFUNÇÕES ENDÓCRINAS E A FERTILIDADE: IMPACTOS DO HIPOTIREOIDISMO E HIPERTIREOIDISMO

ABSTRACT Introduction. Thyroid dysfunctions, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, represent significant factors affecting fertility in both men and women, interfering with ovulation, spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, and reproductive function. Early diagnosis and proper management of these conditions are essential to preserve fertility and prevent reproductive and obstetric complications.Objectives. This study aims to review, through a systematic literature review, the impacts of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on fertility, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and future perspectives in preserving reproductive health. Justification. The research is relevant as it provides updated evidence on the effects of thyroid dysfunctions on fertility, contributes to academic training in endocrinology and reproduction, and offers a scientific basis for the adoption of more effective clinical and preventive strategies.Methodology. The study followed the PRISMA protocol and used the PICO strategy to select articles published between 2018 and 2025 in the SciELO and LILACS databases. Studies included addressed the impact of thyroid dysfunctions on fertility, reproductive complications, and therapeutic approaches.Results and Discussion. The reviewed studies indicate that hypothyroidism is associated with anovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, and impaired sperm quality, while hyperthyroidism causes hormonal changes affecting ovarian function and spermatogenesis. Additionally, multidisciplinary strategies and psychosocial support contribute to better outcomes and treatment adherence.Conclusion. Thyroid dysfunctions impact fertility in a multifactorial manner, highlighting the necessity of early diagnosis, individualized management, and integrated follow-up to preserve reproductive health and improve patients’ quality of life. Keywords: Hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism. Fertility.