Improving the Mechanical Performance of TPU95A Filament in FDM 3D Printing via Parameter Optimization Using the Taguchi Method

This study explores the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed specimens fabricated using TPU-95A filament, with a focus on the influence of key printing variables—temperature, speed, and layer height—on tensile strength, toughness, and surface hardness. Through systematic testing, the tensile evaluation revealed a peak tensile strength of 329.02 kgf/cm² and toughness of 1.56 under conditions of elevated temperatures and optimized layer configurations. Similarly, the hardness assessment indicated a maximum average value of 74.9 Shore A, emphasizing the substantial effect of process parameters on material integrity and resilience. A detailed variance analysis confirmed the pivotal roles of temperature and layer height in enhancing mechanical properties. Using a statistical optimization approach, optimal printing conditions were identified, demonstrating that higher temperatures, moderate speeds, and reduced layer heights significantly improve the balance between strength, flexibility, and durability. These findings contribute to the development of tailored fabrication strategies, offering practical insights for applications where precision and mechanical reliability are critical.