Design and Implementation of a High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for X-Band Applications

The presented work involves the novel design of a microstrip patch 5x1 antenna array fed by a microstrip quarter-wave transformer that can function in X-Band. The proposed structure of the antenna comprises of five patches attached in an array with two quarter-wave transformers on the side connected to a central feedline. The patch is compact and is ideally suitable for X-band applications. The substrate is made up of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a standard height of 1.6 m. The design resonates within the X-band range of 9.54 GHz – 10.89 GHz having a reflection coefficient of-62.39 dB and a gain of 10.61 dBi, over an impedance bandwidth of 1.35 GHz, which is in agreement for resonant frequency band applications. Another technique implemented to achieve the desired frequency band is the integration of defected ground structure (DGS) which is also used for impedance matching.