Phase-specific mortality risk of serum lactate thresholds in very low birth weight infants with late-onset sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

Lactate reveals phase-specific mortality associations in VLBW infants with LOS. The 7.0-fold mortality risk increase per mmol/L in the 2.2-4.0 mmol/L interval suggests potential metabolic resuscitation targets for precision monitoring in sepsis management.