Impact of measles vaccination on disease severity and economic burden among children in northern Vietnam, 2017–2019

The measles vaccine has a profound impact, significantly reducing incidence and morbidity. However, challenges in achieving high vaccination coverage have resulted in substantial burdens on child health and financial hardship for households. This study evaluates the protective effects of measles vaccination against severity and mortality in Northern Vietnam from 2017 to 2019 and related economics of vaccination. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed measles cases admitted to Vietnam National Children Hospital (VNCH), estimating odds ratios between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups while considering disease severity, mortality, and potential confounders. We also analyzed cost - benefit using data from two sources, including VNCH data and National Infectious Disease Surveillance System. Among 2064 inpatients, vaccinated children exhibited fewer pneumonia complications and shorter hospitalization duration. Vaccination significantly reduced the risk of severity and mortality with an adjusted OR = 0.46 (0.28–0.72). Treatment costs were significantly lower in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group. Cost – benefit analysis show that vaccination can save for 4.98 USD to 26.20 USD per measle case with prior vaccination. Vaccination significantly reduces severe disease risk, pneumonia complications, and treatment costs. Expanding vaccination coverage (including children, young mothers and women of childbearing age) and targeted financial support in high-risk areas are essential for improving health outcomes and alleviating economic burdens on families .