The forgotten double J ureteral stent complicated with large urinary bladder calculus formation: A case report

Double-J ureteral stents are often utilised in urology and have become an essential component of urologic practice. The primary function is to facilitate urine outflow from the kidney to the urinary bladder. As the usage of stent grows, so do the number of issues. We present a case of a 54-year-old man with neglected right double J stent for thirteen years after right pyelolithotomy. He skipped follow up and then later, presented with painless haematuria. Abdominal radiograph revealed bilateral nephrolithiasis and vesicolithiasis with broken right double J stent. To avoid this circumstance, patients should be taught about the difficulties that might occur if the stent is not removed within a short period of time. This instance highlights the need of giving enough information and understanding about the insertion of a ureteral stent. • Clinical Significance of Forgotten Double-J Stents. This case emphasizes the serious complications that can arise from long-term neglected ureteral stents, including fragmentation, severe encrustation, and large stone formation leading to obstructive uropathy. • Unique Presentation and Diagnostic Findings. A 54-year-old patient presented with painless hematuria, and imaging revealed a broken, encrusted double-J stent with bilateral nephrolithiasis and a large bladder stone. Advanced imaging techniques such as KUB radiograph, ultrasound, CECT, and DTPA scan confirmed the extent of the pathology. • Challenges in Management and Patient Compliance. The patient refused surgical intervention despite significant complications, highlighting the challenges in managing such cases, especially in patients with socioeconomic barriers. Various endourologic approaches, including lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, were discussed as potential management strategies. • Pathophysiology and Risk Factors for Stent Fragmentation. The case underscores how prolonged stent retention can lead to material degradation, infection-related encrustation, and subsequent fragmentation, exacerbating the risk of severe complications. Factors such as stent material, kinking, and infection were discussed. • Importance of Patient Education and Stent Tracking Systems. Preventing such cases requires better patient education regarding timely stent removal, scheduled follow-ups, and the implementation of stent tracking registries to alert physicians and patients about overdue stent removals.