Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions

A bstract We demonstrate that the electroweak baryogenesis can be realized in the extended Standard Model with sequential fourth generation fermions (SM4). The solution to the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and Higgs masses indicates that fourth generation quarks t ′ and b ′ with the Yukawa couplings above the threshold $$ {g}_Q^c\approx 9.1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9.1</mml:mn> </mml:math> form condensates. This critical coupling, greater than the value $$ {g}_Y^f\approx 7 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:math> at the ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization-group evolution in the SM4, implies the existence of an electroweak symmetric phase at a high energy. The t ′ and b ′ Yukawa couplings evolve as the energy decreases, and exceed $$ {g}_Q^c $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> at a lower scale. The Higgs potential with the dynamical symmetry breaking effect from heavy quark condensates plus the one-loop temperature-dependent correction from the heavy scalars formed by t ′ and b ′ quarks allow the first-order phase transition characterized by the ratio ϕ c /T c ≈ 0 . 9, where ϕ c is the location of the Higgs potential minimum at the critical temperature T c . Together with the baryon number violating sphaleron interaction inherent in the Standard Model and the enhanced CP violation source from fourth generation quarks, the baryon asymmetry in the Universe can be achieved.