Cooperation strategy for Eurasian rail connectivity through comparison of Korean-Russian smart rail technologies

This study conducts a comparative analysis of smart railway technologies between South Korea and Russia and explores potential cooperation opportunities for the integration of the Eurasian railway network. South Korea has developed advanced technologies such as high-speed variable gauge bogies and AI-driven Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) systems, which can substantially improve the efficiency of Russia's extensive railway infrastructure. Conversely, Russia possesses vast railway networks and operational experience, which can facilitate South Korea's expansion into the transcontinental railway market. A major focus of this study is the technical interoperability challenges, including gauge conversion and maintenance system compatibility. The integration of the Trans-Korean Railway (TKR) and the Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR) presents significant economic and geopolitical opportunities, promoting regional stability and economic cooperation in Northeast Asia. However, political uncertainties, including international sanctions and North Korea’s association with Russian military initiatives, pose challenges to this collaboration. Policy recommendations include a phased approach to railway integration, international standardization efforts, and the promotion of public-private partnerships (PPP) to finance smart railway infrastructure. Further research should focus on enhancing technological interoperability, developing resilient railway systems for extreme climatic conditions, and establishing sustainable economic cooperation mechanisms under existing international sanctions.