Exploring the Determinants of Willingness and Behavioral Actions on Occupation Transition Among Fishermen on the Liaodong Peninsula Coast, China

As marine ecosystems have deteriorated and protective measures have been implemented, marine fishery yields have decreased. The reduced economic returns from fishing activities prompt individuals from coastal communities to seek alternative employment. However, constraints such as limited educational qualifications led many to remain reluctant to leave the marine fishing sector. This research analyzed the influencing factors from four perspectives: household characteristics, working conditions, government and community support, and the natural environment, by a field survey in three coastal cities of Liaoning Province—Dalian, Zhuanghe, and Dandong. Through bivariate probit regression model analysis, the findings showed that 70% of fishermen expressed a willingness to pursue occupational transfers, while only 30% have completed this transition. We found that educational background and working experience have a negative influence on the willingness of fishermen to transition to a new occupation. The fishery community influences both fishermen’s willingness and behavior regarding their occupation transition. The use of the internet in marketing has a positive effect on fishermen’s willingness to transition. Additionally, mitigation measures are essential in shaping both the willingness and behavior of fishermen during occupational transitions. Based on these findings, we propose several recommendations to promote the sustainable development of fishery communities. First, career development training should be provided to fishermen to enhance their adaptability and skill sets, facilitating smoother occupational transitions. Second, it is important to strengthen support systems and foster mutual understanding. Finally, the effectiveness of mitigation measures should be improved to assist fishermen better as they navigate occupational changes.