Molecular Taxonomy of Dichocrocis pyrrhalis (Walker,1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from Kerala, India: First DNA Barcoding Using COXI Gene

The present study reports the first DNA barcode for Dichocrocis pyrrhalis (Walker, 1859), a spilomelinae moth previously known only from morphology. A male specimen (voucher MKP35) collected from Kuruveli, Kannur District, Kerala, India, on 13 July 2023 was sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The resulting 658 bp sequence (GenBank ID PV920631) represents the first global molecular record of this species. BLAST analysis revealed a closest match of 92.3% identity to an existing Spilomelinae sequence, underscoring the novelty of the record. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed D. pyrrhalis within Spilomelinae, clustering with Scotogramma gatei with 100% bootstrap support, while showing clear genetic divergence from allied genera such as Glyphodes, Eulepte, and Omiodes. These results confirm species identity, demonstrate its distinct evolutionary lineage, and clarify its placement within a morphologically convergent group. Beyond filling a critical gap in the global barcode reference library, this study underscores the value of integrative taxonomy for biodiversity assessment and monitoring. Importantly, the availability of this barcode provides a baseline for future taxonomic revisions, contributes to conservation of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, and offers practical applications in pest identification and management.