Phytochemical Influence of Scutellaria iscanderi L. on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Biosynthesis

The rapid development of nanotechnology requires environmentally friendly and biocompatible approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials with stable physicochemical properties. Green synthesis using plant extracts provides a sustainable alternative due to their natural biomolecules that initiate and regulate nanoparticle formation. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the extract of Scutellaria iscanderi L. and to investigate the role of its phytochemical components in nanoparticle formation and stabilization. ZnO-NPs were synthesized via a biogenic route employing the aqueous extract of S. iscanderi. The influence of amino acids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids in reduction and stabilization was evaluated, and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized using modern analytical techniques. Amino acids and carbohydrates facilitated nanoparticle reduction and controlled growth, while flavonoids acted as natural stabilizers, preventing aggregation and providing antioxidant protection. Characterization confirmed the formation of stable ZnO-NPs with desirable physicochemical properties. The extract of S. iscanderi effectively mediated the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs through the synergistic action of its biomolecules. These findings highlight the potential of S. iscanderi-derived nanoparticles for applications in pharmaceutical, medical, and environmental fields.