From Outbreaks to Solutions: Understanding and Managing the Marburg Virus

Abstract: The zoonotic Marburg virus (MARV) is the cause of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a highly communicable hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate ranging from 24% to 90%. Contact with bodily fluids is the primary route of transmission, and the main reservoir is the Rousettus aegyptiacus bat. The MARV genome comprises seven RNA genes essential for replication and pathogenesis, and its high genetic diversity complicates containment efforts. Its pathophysiology involves infection of immune cells, leading to coagulation abnormalities, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ failure. The necessity of early detection and prompt action has been demonstrated by recent outbreaks in Rwanda (2024) and Equatorial Guinea (2023). Promising investigational therapeutics include vaccinations, such as cAd3 and rVSV-MARV-GP, as well as antivirals like remdesivir and galidesivir, despite the fact that there are currently no licensed medications for the condition. Controlling future outbreaks will continue to rely on improved diagnostics, customized vaccines, and a better understanding of MARV.