Interaction of artificial intelligence, mental disorders, and diverse data modalities: Potential treatment management based on the “method-disease-data” axis

Although many previous studies have highlighted the advances in prediction models, instruments for pathological and histological diagnosis and treatment, as well as individualized treatment modalities in mental disorders, these previous syntheses usually study the research outcomes separately and ignore the holistic integration of research regarding artificial intelligence technological approaches, data sets used and applications in mental health research. We used the BioBERT pretrained language model to systematically extract relevant information and develop an extensive knowledge graph that includes 3158 entities connected with 3248 different relationships. Our knowledge graph delineates essential artificial intelligence technological frameworks and explicitly maps out the relationships linking artificial intelligence methods, mental disorders, and diverse data modalities. The synthesis, centered on the analytical axis of "method-disease-data," highlights key research areas where artificial intelligence and neuropsychiatry meet. Specifically, it focuses on key applications in early detection, improved accuracy of diagnosis, and individualized therapeutic interventions. In addition, we summarized the applications derived from basic research findings that extend to ongoing clinical trials, revealing the path toward future clinical application in psychiatric work. Importantly, the research paid special attention to the application of artificial intelligence in identifying key brain regions and neural circuits, providing important clues for elucidating the neural mechanisms of mental disorders and developing targeted interventions. Although artificial intelligence presents great opportunities, there are also significant challenges, including imbalanced data sets, ethical issues, and clinical concerns about trustworthiness and transparency. Strategies to address these challenges are proposed, and a perspective on emerging methods enabled by artificial intelligence is provided, which are expected to greatly change the management and treatment of the future.