Buckling instability of axially loaded rotating elastomer tubes

Rotating structural components are commonly found in engineering structures and the natural world. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical behavior and instability mechanisms of rotating soft tubes subjected to axial loads, with a particular emphasis on buckling phenomena. A theoretical framework based on the nonlinear elasticity and linear incremental theory is established, accompanied by finite element simulations to analyze and validate the nonlinear deformation behavior of rotating tubes. We systematically identify the critical factors contributing to instability, revealing two distinct instability mechanisms influenced by axial loads and rotation, and examine how the initial radius ratio affects the critical thresholds and associated modes. Furthermore, we examine how geometric parameters influence the stability and mechanical response of the tubes, offering insights for optimizing performance through dimensional tuning and providing practical guidance for the design and safe operation of rotating soft structures. The results provide a scientific basis for mitigating structural instability during rapid deformation by tailoring external loads, thereby contributing to optimizing performance and operational safety.