Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Neurological Disorders: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

This is a comprehensive review of the development, mechanisms of action, safety, and clinical applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in various neurological conditions. It is particularly directed at clinical neurologists and aims to provide an in-depth analysis of both laboratory and clinical evidence, offering a clear overview of the current and potential future uses of this technique. The review also highlights the present limitations and challenges of rTMS in clinical practice. In summary, we state rTMS is a promising tool for clinical neurologists, especially in scenarios of therapeutic resistance. While its routine use still requires stronger evidence, the convergence of technological innovations and neuroscience positions this modality as a future cornerstone in neuromodulation.