INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE STRUCTURE OF METAL-COMPLEX CATALYSTS ON THE EFFICIENCY AND MECHANISM OF THERMOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUES

The article discusses the chemical transformations of heavy petroleum feedstock – West Siberian fuel oil and a model hydrocarbon – hexadecane in a reactor with a flow-through feedstock feed mode (process mode: temperature – 450–550 °C, constant feedstock volumetric feed rate – 2 h-1, pressure – 1 atm) using a new metal complex catalytic system, where the active electrophilic additive is a double salt NaCl⋅AlCl3 supported on γ-aluminum oxide, in a weight ratio of double salt : γ-aluminum oxide – 1 : 3.The objective of this work is to study the influence of the metal complex catalyst structure on the efficiency and mechanism of thermocatalytic conversion of heavy petroleum feedstock – West Siberian fuel oil and a model component – hexadecane, simulating the structure of saturated hydrocarbons in the composition of heavy petroleum feedstock. Thus, when using a new catalytic system in the process of thermocatalytic conversion of fuel oil in specified process modes, it was shown that the highest yield of C2–C4 alkenes is observed at a temperature of 550 °C, light hydrocarbons and gasoline fraction is observed at a temperature of 450 °C. For the model hydrocarbon hexadecane, under these conditions, thermocatalytic destruction leads to the formation of a spectrum of primary saturated and unsaturated compounds. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the structure and composition of the catalysts, and studies of the adsorption characteristics of the catalyst surface were carried out.