Participatory Digital Solutions for Nature-Based Solution Urban Projects: A Systematic PRISMA Literature Review

This paper examines the growing role of nature-based solutions (NBS) and the integration of digital technologies in participatory urban planning. It aims to assess the current state of technologies and methods for participatory approaches in NBS projects, the level of participation they can stimulate, and the drivers and barriers to their integration into planning practice. The review uses the PRISMA methodology to examine 275 records from two databases, aiming to minimize bias. Records were selected based on the following criteria: studies were conducted in urban settings; referenced NBS; incorporated participatory methods; and involved digital technologies. Both review articles and case study papers were considered. A bibliometric and content analysis was performed using VOS VIEWER software, an Excel spreadsheet, and comparison tables. The 45 reviewed studies cover citizen science, participatory mapping and co-creation using place-based or non-place-based digital tools. While these tools can improve engagement and efficiency, they also face challenges such as limited data access, demographic bias, institutional resistance, and insufficient resources. The study found that top-down methods often restrict the impact of these tools by treating public input as secondary, thereby highlighting the need for transparent, collaborative planning.