Are there differences between countries in the application of experimental partial nephrectomy procedures?

Abstract Partial nephrectomy (PN) in the medium severity class among the research articles according to the 3R rules and the relevant guidelines. For this purpose, countries classified according to the Human Development Index (HDI) were analyzed by year and by country in three 10-year periods. In order to achieve this goal, a 62-question index was created. This index consists of six basic groups (Article, Journal, Conceptual Methodology, Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). A 3R clinical scoring system was developed for the remaining 47 questions, except for the article, journal and country definition questions. Differences in the application of experimental procedures were analyzed within the framework of the index. The ‘improve score’ that increases scientific quality and the existence of funding sources that finance research were also questioned. Web of Science, Pub After matching and exclusion criteria, 93 articles from the scientific databases of Med and Scopus were evaluated. In the study, the normal distribution of all numerically obtained values was checked and the mean deviation in parametric conditions and in nonparametric conditions It is expressed with median (min–max). Analytically, the effect of two factors (year and country development level) on important scores such as “total score” and “improve score” was examined with a multivariate linear model. Other scores were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test and p < 0.05 was accepted as statistical significance limit value. The country with the highest total score is Israel, while the country with the lowest is Mexico. The countries with the highest Improve score are Israel and Austria, while the countries with the lowest Improve score are Mexico and Brazil. 54 of the articles were published in Q1 and 27 in Q2 journals. The first three places in terms of publishing articles among countries are USA, China and Japan. All of the articles were published in countries with high and very high development levels, while no articles were published in medium and underdeveloped countries.