Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Diesel and Petrol Fuels

Abstract: With an emphasis on their sources, detection, and possible effects on the environment and human health, this paper investigates the existence of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in petrol and diesel fuels. Crude oil contains NORM, mainly uranium, thorium, and their decay products, such as radium, which can concentrate during the refining process. Gamma spectroscopy and other detection techniques are essential for keeping an eye on these substances. Along with regulatory measures and safety standards to mitigate these risks and ensure safety, the review also discusses the environmental concerns, worker risks, and refining processes that concentrate NORM.