Smart Mosque Information System (SMIS): A Framework for Digital Da?wa and Religious Tourism in Malaysia

Mosques have historically served as centers of worship, education, governance, and community life.In the contemporary era, this role is expanding into socio-digital domains where Smart Technologies shape religious communication, community engagement, and tourism.Although research on smart tourism and digital religion has explored technologies such as QR codes, mobile applications, AR/VR, and artificial intelligence, the integration of these technologies into the Smart Mosque Information System (SMIS) to support digital dawa and religious tourism remains limited, particularly in Islamic and Malaysian contexts.Although research on smart tourism and digital religion has explored technologies such as QR codes, mobile applications, AR/VR, and artificial intelligence, the integration of these technologies into the SMIS to support digital dawa and religious tourism remains limited, particularly in Islamic and Malaysian contexts.The SMIS builds on the foundations of conventional Mosque Information Systems (MIS) by extending their scope into smart, digitally enabled services that address both spiritual and tourism needs.This study develops a conceptual framework for SMIS adoption through an integrative review of Scopus-indexed literature published between 2010 and 2025, drawing on global research alongside Malaysian contributions.The framework synthesizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework from perspectives of Digital Religion and Peace Communication (DR/PC).This approach reframes SMIS adoption by emphasizing spiritual legitimacy, inclusivity, and intercultural trust.PC is identified as a mediating mechanism that channels technology adoption into stronger community cohesion and interfaith understanding.The framework aligns with Malaysia's national digital strategies, including MyDIGITAL and Smart State NS 2027, and offers mosque authorities, policymakers, and tourism stakeholders practical guidance to implement scalable and future-oriented systems.Conceptually, it extends adoption research in faith-based contexts by embedding religious communication and peacebuilding into models of smart technology use.This positions SMIS as both a