SPICE-Aided Modeling Characteristics of Selected Batteries

Batteries are important components of electrochemical energy storage systems used in mobile devices, electric vehicles, and power generation systems. This paper proposes a compact battery model dedicated to SPICE. This model takes into account properties of a real battery, such as limited electrical capacity, limited charge and discharge current, limited voltage change at its terminals, the self-discharge effect, the dependence of the battery’s internal resistance on its state of charge, and an influence of temperature on its characteristics. The developed model is presented, along with equations describing the parameters of its components. The results of experimental verification of the correctness of the developed model for different types of batteries are presented and discussed. Good agreement was achieved between the calculation and measurement results for AGM, LiPo, LiFePO4, and Na-ion batteries. High accuracy of the proposed model was demonstrated for all tested batteries.