Assessment of Efficiency of Last-Mile Delivery Zones: A Novel IRN OWCM–IRN AROMAN Model

The importance of managing goods delivery in urban areas has reached its peak in recent years, driven by the constant and rapid growth of online commerce. Under such conditions, where smaller quantities of goods are ordered, yet the number of shipments continues to rise, the question of last-mile delivery (LMD) efficiency becomes increasingly relevant. This paper addresses the issue of last-mile delivery zone efficiency through the application of a new methodological approach. First, the concept of measuring last-mile delivery productivity is defined using a specific example from an urban environment. Next, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are established to enable a proper assessment of urban zone efficiency in line with the LMD concept. The main contribution of this study is the development of the IRN OWCM (Interval Rough Number Opinion Weight Criteria Method), which is used to calculate the weights of the criteria. To assess suitable delivery zones in terms of efficiency based on the defined KPIs, the previously developed IRN OWCM method is integrated with IRN AROMAN (Alternative Ranking Order Method Accounting for Two-Step Normalization). The results identify delivery zones that are suitable in terms of meeting standardized user needs. The developed model demonstrated stability through additional verification tests and can be adequately applied in cases when it is needed to minimize subjectivity and uncertainties.