CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES

Over the last few years, genomic editing technologies have become one of the most dynamic areas of modern science, which provides new development opportunities for medicine, agriculture and fundamental science. The presented review article analyzes modern genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/CAS systems of the new generation (CAS12, CAS13, CasΦ), basic editing (BASE EDITING), as well as the latest developments in Prime Editing. Particular attention is paid to the achievement in the editing of human somatic cells, the editing of embryos, the use of technology in agriculture. The prospects for the use of genomic editing in the treatment of hereditary diseases, oncology, infectious medicine, improving the productivity of animals and plants, as well as to increase the potential of synthetic biology are outlined. The key trends and forecasts for the further development of the research area are generalized.