Features of the immune and genetic status of chemical industry workers with pathology of the cardiovascular system

Introduction. Working in a chemical production environment is associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in workers. The study aims to consider the characteristics of the immune and genetic status of workers with cardiovascular pathology engaged in the production of mineral fertilizers. Materials and methods. The observation group included 74 people (with a history of CVD). The comparison group included 85 people (conditionally healthy, with no history of CVD). The work used immunological methods: allergosorbent test with an enzyme label, membrane immunofluorescence on a flow cytometer, ELISA. To statistically process the results of the study, the authors used the following criteria: Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, relative risk index (RR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The significance of the differences was considered significant at p<0.05. Results. The observation group had elevated levels of IgG specific to N-nitrosodimethylamine (RR=1.10; 95% CI=0.93–1.29), VEGF (RR=1.72; 95% CI=0.64–4.61), CD304+ (NRP1) (RR=1.76; 95% CI=1.04–2.97) and Notch 1 receptor (RR=1.89; 95% CI=1.05–3.39). Comparative assessment of frequency of alleles and genotypes of the endothelial NO-synthase gene eNOS Glu298Asp (rs1799983) revealed authentically 10% higher frequency of the G allele (OR=2.53 (CI=1.23–5.22), RR=1.28 (CI=1.06–1.55), р≤0.05) and 1.67 times higher frequency of the GG genotype (OR=3.72 (CI=1.49–9.29), р≤0.05) in the observation group. Limitations. Limitations of the study are associated with a limited sample used as the observation group. Conclusion. Established elevated expression of cell differentiation clusters of neuropilin-1 CD 304+ (RR=1.76; 95% CI=1.04–2.97) and transmembrane receptor protein Notch 1 (RR=1.89; 95% CI=1.05–3.93) against higher frequency of the G allele and GG genotype of the eNOS Glu298Asp gene increases likelihood of changes in endothelium, impaired vascular wall permeability and development of cardiovascular pathology in conditions of biocontamination with nitrosamines among workers working in the production of mineral fertilizers. Ethics. The work was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The protocol and design of the study were approved by the local committee of the Federal Research Foundation "Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management" dated 03/13/2024, Protocol No. 2.