Augmented Reality in Dental Extractions: Narrative Review and an AR-Guided Impacted Mandibular Third-Molar Case
Background: Augmented-reality (AR) navigation is emerging as a means of turning pre-operative cone-beam CT data into intuitive, in situ guidance for difficult tooth removal, yet the scattered evidence has never been consolidated nor illustrated with a full clinical workflow. Aims: This study aims to narratively synthesise AR applications limited to dental extractions and to illustrate a full AR-guided clinical workflow. Methods: We performed a PRISMA-informed narrative search (PubMed + Cochrane, January 2015–June 2025) focused exclusively on AR applications in dental extractions and found nine eligible studies. Results: These pilot reports—covering impacted third molars, supernumerary incisors, canines, and cyst-associated teeth—all used marker-less registration on natural dental surfaces and achieved mean target-registration errors below 1 mm with headset set-up times under three minutes; the only translational series (six molars) recorded a mean surgical duration of 21 ± 6 min and a System Usability Scale score of 79. To translate these findings into practice, we describe a case of AR-guided mandibular third-molar extraction. A QR-referenced 3D-printed splint, intra-oral scan, and CBCT were fused to create a colour-coded hologram rendered on a Magic Leap 2 headset. The procedure took 19 min and required only a conservative osteotomy and accurate odontotomy that ended without neurosensory disturbance (VAS pain 2/10 at one week). Conclusions: Collectively, the literature synthesis and clinical demonstration suggest that current AR platforms deliver sub-millimetre accuracy, minimal workflow overhead, and high user acceptance in high-risk extractions while highlighting the need for larger, controlled trials to prove tangible patient benefit.
Authors
- Gerardo Pellegrino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8782-8991)
- Pietro Felice (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3172-2343)
- Laura Cercenelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-1356)
- Emanuela Marcelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5897-003X)
- Elisabetta Vignudelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-1856)
- Carlo Barausse
- Stefano Stradiotti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5309-3876)
- Fabrizio Ferretti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8498-5016)
- Subhi Tayeb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3346-7057)
- Martina Casaburi
Institutions
- Azienda USL di Bologna (IT)
- University of Bologna (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Applied Sciences
- Published
- 2025-09-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179723
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Dental Radiography and Imaging
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.79