Mechanism of the coordinated effect of laser power and oscillation parameters on laser wire additive manufacturing

Due to the rapid cooling rate and high thermal gradient in laser wire additive manufacturing, processing defects are prone to occur. To address this issue, this study investigates the influence mechanism of laser power and laser oscillation technology on the macro-morphology and microstructure of single-layer single-track additive specimens by adjusting process parameters. The results indicate that as laser power increases, the width-to-height ratio (R) of the deposited layer increases, and the microstructural grain size shows an increasing trend. Laser oscillation reduces the surface smoothness of the deposited layer while mitigating pore defects, refining grains, and suppressing the formation of columnar grains. Higher oscillation frequency and larger oscillation amplitude further decrease surface smoothness while simultaneously reducing pore defects, refining grains, and promoting the formation of equiaxed grains.