Artificial intelligence and real-time directional guidance in arrhythmia management

There is a need to simplify and improve procedural therapy for patients with complex heart rhythm disorders. Anatomically-based procedures can now be performed safely, effectively, and rapidly, such as pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) or posterior wall isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF),1 or ablation for many supraventricular arrhythmias.2 However, arrhythmias arising from non-stereotypical locations remain challenging to treat, such as AF with isolated PVs, atypical flutters after ablation, and many ventricular tachycardias.