Petrocosmea pengzhouensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Sichuan Province, China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, <i>Petrocosmea pengzhouensis</i> K.Huang & Z.X.Fu, <b>sp. nov.</b>, from the Feilaifeng Scenic Area of Longmen Mountain National Geological Park (Pengzhou, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China), is described and illustrated. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses provide robust evidence for its recognition as a new species. While morphologically most similar to <i>P. duclouxii</i> Craib, phylogenetic reconstructions reveal its closest affinities with <i>P. duclouxii</i> and <i>P. intraglabra</i> (W. T. Wang) Z. J. Qiu. The new species is morphologically distinguished from <i>P. duclouxii</i> by a suite of diagnostic characters: leaf shape (ovate to oblique-ovate vs. ovate to nearly orbicular), corolla throat (spotless vs. bearing two deep purple spots), and filament pubescence (translucent-puberulent vs. rust-brown puberulent). A distribution map and a comparative morphological table with <i>P. duclouxii</i>, <i>P. intraglabra</i>, and <i>P. hexiensis</i> S. Z. Zhang & Z. Y. Liu, and a preliminary conservation assessment following IUCN criteria are provided.