The Global Value Chain in the Horticultural Agro-export Enclave of Sinaloa, Mexico: Technical-Productive Structure, Industrial Organization, and Governance Modalities

This research analyzes the conditioning relationships of the competitiveness of vegetable producers in the Mexican state of Sinaloa within the context of the relationships between fresh vegetable-producing companies and leading companies in the value chain in the segments of technology, inputs, and marketing. The hypothesis establishes that the integration of the producing segment implies the adoption of "technology packages" as a condition for meeting the requirements and norms, both public and private, necessary for the integration of the chain and competitiveness. The research was conducted considering the description of the work process and identifying the technical and productive structure of the requirements of the leading segments based on documentary research and fieldwork through interviews with actors and stakeholders. The result is the identification of oligopolistic/monopsonistic governance that ensures the formation and appropriation of "rents" of a technological, commercial, and financial type from the producing segment towards the leading or dominant links while exacerbating dependence on structural heterogeneity and extraversion in the central node, as historical features of underdevelopment. This condition is not exclusive to this enclave but expresses a modality of capital accumulation in the Mexican agro-export sector.