Investigation of the Mitigating Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Cow’s Milk Allergy

This study investigates the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) on cow's milk allergy (CMA), demonstrating its significant alleviation of CMA symptoms through intervention and prevention strategies. The finding highlights COS's immunoregulatory effects, particularly its influence on immunoglobulin E (IgE), immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), and key cytokines such as IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ. Additionally, COSs exhibited modulatory effects on gut microbiota, particularly in altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio. The most pronounced effect was observed in the prevention group, followed by the intervention group, while the treatment group showed comparatively weaker effects, potentially due to the shorter duration of COS administration. The results suggested that COS mitigates CMA by modulating the Th1/Th2 immune response and promoting a balance of gut microbiota composition. This research provided new insights into potential therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the effectiveness of early intervention and prevention in mitigating the allergy.