Integrating sustainability and resilience in agri-food supply chains: A knowledge-based view of Thailand's pineapple industry in the digital era

The COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and market volatility have fundamentally challenged agricultural supply chains in developing economies. This study examines how knowledge-based integration capabilities affect resilience and sustainability in Thailand's pineapple industry, with digital capabilities as a moderating factor. We surveyed 186 organizations across the pineapple supply chain using stratified random sampling and analyzed data through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Our findings reveal that knowledge absorption, transformation, and utilization significantly enhance operational resilience, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability, with effects amplified by digital capabilities. The study extends knowledge-based view theory to agricultural contexts by identifying integration mechanisms specific to perishable products, demonstrates the complementary relationship between knowledge processes and digital capabilities, and provides a framework for developing integrated knowledge-digital strategies. Future research could explore these relationships across different agricultural products and regions.