Algorithmic Design in Architectural Heritage: Innovation in Virtual Reconstruction of the Roman Forum Transitorium in Musti, Tunisia

Digital technologies significantly influence architectural heritage perception, preservation, and presentation, particularly in reconstructing fragmented archaeological sites. This study explores innovative applications of algorithmic design, Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), and interactive visualisation through the virtual reconstruction of the Roman Forum Transitorium in Musti, Tunisia—a complex historical site influenced by Numidian, Roman, and Byzantine cultures. The research integrates algorithmic modelling, digital surveying, and cloud-based collaboration, employing software tools such as Archicad, Rhino, Grasshopper, and Virtual Tour platforms. Central to this approach is a parametric, hypothesis-driven methodology, enabling the iterative exploration of multiple reconstruction scenarios informed by historical sources, architectural analyses, and scanned archaeological fragments. Immersive technologies enhance user engagement, allowing for the transparent exploration and interpretation of the site’s historical uncertainties. The results highlight the effectiveness of algorithmic methods in managing interpretative variability, offering flexible, academically rigorous, and publicly accessible virtual reconstructions. By emphasising the hypothetical nature of digital reconstructions and interactive visualisations, this research contributes meaningfully to digital archaeology, demonstrating how innovative algorithmic approaches can bridge academic scholarship and broader heritage preservation practices.