The Role of Tobacco Chewing in Paediatric Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Cross-sectional Survey in Visnagar

Introduction: While typically seen in adults, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is also found in children aged 6–14 who chew betel and areca nut in India. The prevalence in this younger population ranges from 0.03% to 3.2%. This particular study was the first to investigate the prevalence of OSMF among 6–14-year-olds in Visnagar, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: Twelve schools in Visnagar city and rural areas were selected for a school health project to assess the OSMF prevalence in 6–14-year-olds who used areca nut, gutka and tobacco. The questionnaire was developed using existing scientific research and subsequently adjusted, and the protocols for examiners were established. A single examiner examined all students’ oral cavities in the second session. To retract the tissue, a sterile mouth mirror and gauze were used. The World Health Organization criteria were used to detect oral mucosal ulcers. Results: During a screening of 500 children, it was found that 68% (340 children) had reported habits. The prevalence of these habits varied by age, with the lowest rate of 9.6% among 6–8-year-olds and the highest at 36.4% in 12–14-year-olds. Boys showed a higher habit usage (31.6%) compared to girls (15.0%). Surprisingly, 30% of students were unaware of tobacco’s dangers, yet 67% of those with habits continued to use them regardless. Among the 340 children screened, 11 boys (3.49%) showed traits of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), while no girls presented with these signs. Conclusion: This research indicates that children who consume tobacco products, especially areca nut, are at risk of developing conditions similar to Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). The observed prevalence of 3.4% highlights an urgent need for intervention. It is crucial to prevent children from chewing areca nuts. To achieve this, healthcare providers, educators, and parents must work together to raise awareness about the potential dangers and implement preventative measures.