Molecular Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Review

Global population is increasing exponentially, besides this, the number of oncogenic patients also increases globally. Among the all types of cancers, stomach cancer patients make a huge number, worldwide. In gastrointestinal oncology, some urease producing microbes are the core cause of adenocarcinoma. One of the most prominent bacteria is Helicobacter pylori, which is a flagellated, microaerophilic proteobacteria that adheres in the stomach epithelial cells. Among the half of the human population of the world, which are suffering from gastric ulcers, cancer and number of genetic disorder. In this review, authors have summarized the pathophysiology and molecular mechanism of the H. pylori infection in human being throughout the past ten years. H. pylori, expresses various virulence factors, and display a variety of adaptive mechanism during colonization and adhesion in the gastric region. This bacterium also produces several cytotoxins to speed up effective colonization in the host. Nonetheless, several number of techniques have been developed to identify the virulence genes of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, alternative treatment approaches are frequently using to eradicate the disease such as antibiotics and plant-based medicines. Currently the prescribed course of treatment for H. pylori combines with antimicrobial drugs like amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, but now days these medicines are less effective against this bacterium, data were obtained when discuss with the experienced Gastroenterologist. At present, various research studies are being conducted to create effective vaccinations to fight the H. pylori infection; it has additionally been a goal of several running research projects. This review article might be helpful for the researchers who wish to work on novel drug designing, novel identification and treatment methods of H. pylori which is a necessity of gastrointestinal oncology.