FATORES DE RISCO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA RINITE ALÉRGICA EM CRIANÇAS, ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

ABSTRACT Introduction: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic condition in both children and adults, currently affecting up to 40% of the global population, with higher rates observed in more developed countries. Considering that AR affects different age groups, causing discomfort and impacting quality of life, as well as generating significant healthcare costs, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to its development. Objective: We aim to discuss the main factors that increase the risk of developing AR in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods: Systematic review following de PRISMA 2020 guideline using PubMed and LILACS databases, with descriptors combined using the Boolean operator “AND”; DeCS: Risk Factors; Allergic Rhinitis; Child; Adolescent; Adult; MeSH: Risk Factors; Allergic Rhinitis; Child; Adolescent; Adult. The PICO strategy adopted was P (Population): Children, adolescents, and adults; I (Intervention): Presence of risk factors; C (Comparison): Individuals not exposed to these factors; O (Outcome): Development of allergic rhinitis. Articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected, in Portuguese, Spanish, or English, including observational studies, clinical trials, longitudinal research, and case reports directly addressing the topic. Excluded were duplicate articles, reviews, restricted-access texts, and those not focusing on the risk factors of the disease. Results and Discussion: The most frequently found risk factors for AR were a family history of allergic diseases (such as asthma, eczema, and rhinitis), sensitization to aeroallergens (mites, dust, animal dander), childhood respiratory infections, frequent use of paracetamol or antibiotics, living in urban areas, presence of carpets, exposure to pollution and heavy traffic, overweight/obesity, and contact with mold in the home environment. Additionally, dietary habits such as frequent meat consumption and low intake of vegetables were also associated. Conclusion: The results show that AR is caused by a variety of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that change according to age and the place where one lives, indicating that treatment and prevention need to be more personalized. Keywords: Risk Factors; Allergic Rhinitis; Child; Adolescent; Adult.