Virtual Inertia Control Strategies for Renewable Energy Integration

Since renewable energy sources (RES) are intermittent and use converters, bringing them onto power grids causes difficulties in maintaining power grid frequency and system inertia. A new control method is presented for virtual inertia in microgrids by using an optimized Fractional Order Proportional-Integral and Proportional-Derivative controller tuned with the Osprey Optimization Algorithm. Fixed-parameter PI/PID controllers are common, but the approach in this paper dynamically updates the power system parameters to manage fluctuations on the grid and increase both frequency response and system resilience. One converter links the BESS with the grid and a second VSG provides inertia characteristics required by the grid. The proposed method is shown to work well in simulation, limiting oscillations of frequency, cutting down on overshoot and providing stable power flow in any situation. Combining advanced optimization and hybrid control strategies in this work helps to reproduce inertia in renewable microgrids with low inertia.