Low-Power Wearable Cardiopulmonary Monitoring Device with Seamless Dual-Network Connectivity for Real-Time Health Monitoring

Aim: The health monitoring devices are designed for climbers, sportspersons, and individuals requiring frequent health check-ups. They monitor vital parameters like heart rate (60–72 beats per minute), body temperature (36–37°C), and user position. Materials and Methods: The system consists of a heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor, GPS, GSM module, ESP32, and LCD display. A threshold-based method monitors these parameters, sending an alert to a designated contact when values exceed predefined limits. Data is shared through the MQTT protocol using Wi-Fi and GSM in case of poor connectivity. Result: The monitoring system tracked 45 individuals’ heartbeat and temperature during various activities, dividing the data into two threshold datasets. In threshold 1, the heartbeat remained between 60–72 beats per minute, and the temperature ranged from 36°C to 37°C. In threshold 2, the heartbeat exceeded 72 or fell below 60 beats per minute, and the temperature was either above 37°C or below 36°C. Conclusion: The device responds quickly in emergencies and optimizes power efficiency through ESP32’s deep sleep mode, extending device lifespan. Its compact, robust design is ideal for challenging environments, with seamless switching between Wi-Fi and GSM. Reliable data sharing supports remote applications requiring real-time monitoring, making the system effective for critical use cases.