DC Microgrids Protection Strategies in Collective Self-Consumption Context

The increasing use of renewable energy sources and the rising adoption of self-consumption models is generating significant interest in DC networks. Compared to traditional AC systems, DC networks offer higher energy efficiency, by reducing the conversion losses, and optimal integration with photovoltaic systems and energy storage devices. However, the protection of DC networks presents unique challenges, including the absence of natural current zero-crossings and increased arc persistence. This paper explores various protection mechanisms for DC microgrids, focusing on their application in Collective Self-Consumption (CSC) contexts. Key protection strategies, based on mechanical switches, fuses, solid state circuit breakers, hybrid solutions and zonal architectures, are considered to ensuring safe, reliable, and efficient operation and to enhance the sustainability and energy independence of modern power systems. The analysis highlights the importance of adapting protection strategies to the specific requirements of DC microgrids intended for use in CSC applications, considering the grid complexity and the system reliability requirements.