Review of Design and Optimization Techniques for Bandwidth Improvement of Microstrip Antenna Used in 5G Technology

The bandwidth requirement for mobile communication is increasing due to the rapid growth of mobile users. Recently, 5G technology has been launched to meet the bandwidth requirement. However, a download speed of 100 to 900 MBPS is achieved with the help of mid-band 5G, which uses microwave frequency ranges from 1.7GHz to 4.7GHz. The Microstrip antenna operating in the midband 5G has high conductor loss and surface wave, which causes narrow bandwidth, low radiation efficiency, and low gain. In this paper a thorough investigation of various conventional and non-conventional techniques for bandwidth improvement of microstrip antennas for wireless and mobile communication is discussed. The need for effective use of low-loss metamaterial structures, DGS, or dielectric resonators with modern optimization methods. Deep learning algorithms are a good choice for the design of a microstrip antenna for 5G technology. Such methods can improve the microstrip bandwidth without losing gain.