A Simulation and Analysis of Voltage and Frequency Stability in Electric Vehicle Integrated Microgrid

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) with microgrids has become a focal point for researchers due to the rising demand for sustainable energy solutions. However, this integration presents significant challenges, particularly regarding voltage stability and frequency regulation within microgrids. Unlike traditional utility grids, microgrids possess lower inertia, making effective frequency control crucial to maintaining system stability. Additionally, the penetration of EVs during charging phases can exacerbate voltage fluctuations, further affecting microgrid performance. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing literature on voltage and frequency stability in microgrids and presents a simulation model using MATLAB Simulink. The model analyzes the impact of varying levels of EV integration on voltage fluctuations at both the DC and AC buses and observes frequency deviations at the AC bus during charging. The findings offer insights into the stability dynamics of microgrids with high EV penetration, change in line impedance, change in solar and wind generation and propose potential control strategies for mitigating these challenges.