A Review on Performance Analysis of Long-Haul Chaotic Optical Communication

Chaotic optical communication (COC) has emerged as a viable candidate for physical-layer encryption, offering high-speed secure data transmission in optical fiber systems. Recent advancements have explored novel synchron ization schemes, modulation techniques, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted models to improve performance and transmission reach. This review consolidates and critically examines five significant contributions to long-haul COC, focusing on experimental demonstrations ranging from 1000 km to 8190 km fiber spans. Emphasis is placed on the comparative analysis of methodologies, synchronization mechanisms, bit error rate (BER) performance, and system scalability. The study identifies the core advantages and challenges inherent to each approach and outlines future prospects in hybrid AI-DSP systems and ultra-secure communication over global-scale optical infrastructure.