Developing Digital Twins for Photovoltaic Systems: A Roadmap for Integration and Optimization

This paper presents the development of a digital twin (DT) framework for photovoltaic (PV) systems to enhance performance monitoring, fault detection, and operational efficiency. The proposed framework is structured into four interconnected layers: the physical layer, comprising PV arrays and IoT sensors for real-time data acquisition; the virtual layer, a dynamic data-driven model developed using MATLAB/Simulink; the communication layer, enabling seamless data transmission through IoT protocols and cloud platforms; and the data processing layer, utilizing artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic for advanced analytics and visualization. This framework demonstrates how DTs can enhance PV system performance and contribute to the reliable integration of renewable energy.