Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Obstacle Avoidance System for Unmanned Vehicles

The increasing adoption of autonomous systems for complex and delicate tasks is growing at a fast pace across various domains. However, their deployment is often constrained by environmental and technical challenges. This paper presents a novel obstacle avoidance system designed for unmanned ground vehicles, utilizing dual ultrasonic sensor architecture for environmental perception. The proposed system integrates two ultrasonic sensors for real-time obstacle detection, with one sensor mounted on a servo motor to dynamically scan the environment and identify an optimal, collision-free path. The developed dual-sensor prototype achieves 19.55% improvement in detection capability in terms of area. A decision-making algorithm ensures that the vehicle executes left or right turns only when the detected obstacle is beyond a predefined critical distance, enhancing navigation efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the ultrasonic wave transmission and reception system successfully identifies obstacles and determines optimal traversal paths with high reliability.