Experimental tests and numerical analysis of a bifacial solar PV module for different albedo conditions

The efficiency of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules is significantly influenced by their ability to harness ground-reflected irradiation (albedo), which directly impacts the energy yield of the rear surface. Knowing the relationship between albedo and bifacial gain is crucial for optimizing system performance and maximizing power generation. This study presents a detailed experimental investigation on a bifacial PV module in different ground surface conditions, focusing on key parameters such as albedo value, bifacial gain, and height of installation. A series of controlled tests were conducted under varying environmental and operational conditions to assess the influence of albedo on energy production and PV peak power. The results highlight a clear correlation between increasing albedo and enhanced power generation, demonstrating the importance of ground surface selection in optimizing system efficiency. Additionally, the study explores the influence of the module tilt and height, providing a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing bifacial energy gains. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and deployment of bifacial PV systems, guiding strategies for site-specific optimization to achieve higher energy yields. A preliminary numerical model is developed and proposed in order to find the contribution of the only rear side for different boundary conditions.