PID-Controller Parameters Optimization of a Brushless DC Motor Using the 3SO Algorithm

To improve the speed control of brushless DC motors (BLDCs), a method for tuning the PID-controller parameters based on the metaheuristic algorithm 3S Optimizer (3SO) is proposed. BLDCs are worthy competitors to AC drives due to the absence of brushes and a commutator. Electronic commutation of the motor ensures high operating speed, and the behavior is controlled by digital systems. The accuracy of BLDC speed control is of paramount importance to ensure the efficient operation of equipment, devices and products in which the motor is built. PID-controllers are widely used in industrial applications due to their efficiency, simplicity and versatility. However, empirical strategies for tuning PID-controller parameters are not always optimal. Ma ny methods based on metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed for fine-tuning, allowing the control system to learn and adjust parameters in real time, effectively responding to environmental changes. The method proposed in this paper is based on the recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm 3S Optimizer. The method solves the problems of slow convergence and low accuracy, which are typical for traditional PID-controllers. The integral of the squared error is chosen as the objective function of optimization. The following parameters are chosen as constraints: overshoot, transient time, and rise time. Constraints are included in the objective function as penalties. Thus, the problem of minimizing a function with constraints is reduced to the problem of finding the minimum of a function without constraints. The PID-controller optimization program is implemented in the MATLAB environment. For modeling, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine BLDC motor blocks and the Universal Bridge inverter block, available in Simulink, were used. The experiments conducted, which involved a PID-controller with non-optimized parameters and controllers optimized by the 3SO algorithm and a genetic algorithm, showed the superiority of our method.